Glossary
The A–Z sports glossary for parents
647 terms from 17 sports, defined in plain English. Search a word, or filter by sport.
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- 1B, 2B, 3B, HRBaseball
- Single, double, triple and home run. Many scorers also write the direction, such as a single to left. Reading a scorebook in depth →
- 60-yard dashBaseball
- A standard speed test, timed in seconds. Baseball stats glossary →
A
- A: assistsBaseball
- Throws or deflections that help produce an out. Baseball stats glossary →
- AB: at-batsBaseball
- Plate appearances that are not a walk, hit-by-pitch, sacrifice bunt or sacrifice fly. Baseball stats glossary →
- AceTennis
- A legal serve that lands in the correct box and that the returner cannot touch. Tennis terms for new parents →
- AceVolleyball
- A serve that scores a point directly, usually because the receiving team cannot return it. Volleyball terms for new parents →
- AdvantageRugby
- When the referee lets play continue after a rule break because the non-offending team is benefiting. You may hear the referee call it out. Rugby terms for new parents →
- AdvantageTennis
- The point won right after deuce. Win the next point too and you win the game. Tennis terms for new parents →
- All-aroundGymnastics
- A ranking based on a gymnast's combined scores from all of the events she or he competes. The highest total wins. Gymnastics terms for new parents →
- All-star (club) teamCheer
- A team run by a gym or club that focuses mostly on competition rather than supporting school games. Cheer terms for new parents →
- AlleyTennis
- The strip between the singles and doubles sidelines, which is in play only in doubles. Tennis terms for new parents →
- AnchorSwimming
- The last swimmer in a relay, whose touch stops the clock for the team. Swimming relays explained →
- ApparatusGymnastics
- A piece of competition equipment, such as the beam, bars or rings. The plural is apparatus or apparatuses. Gymnastics terms for new parents →
- Approach shotGolf
- A shot aimed at the green. Golf terms for new parents →
- Approach shotTennis
- A shot hit while moving forward toward the net. Tennis terms for new parents →
- Arm held out wideSoccer
- More likely to be called, because the arm makes the body bigger and blocks space. Handball rule explained →
- AssistBasketball
- A pass that leads directly to a teammate's made basket. Basketball terms for new parents →
- AssistHockey
- Credit given to as many as two players who passed the puck to the goal scorer. Scoring rules for assists can vary by league. Hockey terms for new parents →
- AssistSoccer
- A pass that leads directly to a goal. Soccer terms for new parents →
- At-batSoftball
- A batter's turn at the plate. Softball terms for new parents →
- AttackLacrosse
- The offensive players, or the offensive end of the field, where a team tries to score. Lacrosse terms for new parents →
- Attack lineVolleyball
- The line across the court that separates the front-row area from the back. In standard rules, back-row players may not attack a ball above net height from in front of it. Volleyball terms for new parents →
- AttemptTrack & field
- One try in a jump or throw event. Track and field terms for new parents →
- AudibleFootball
- A change to the play that the quarterback calls at the line of scrimmage, usually after seeing how the defense is lined up. Football terms for new parents →
- AVG: batting averageBaseball
- Hits ÷ At-bats. In MLB, .300 is a long-standing mark of a very good hitter. Youth averages vary widely by age and level, so compare within the same league. Baseball stats glossary →
B
- BABIP: batting average on balls in playBaseball
- (Hits − Home runs) ÷ (At-bats − Strikeouts − Home runs + Sacrifice flies). Baseball stats glossary →
- Back handspringCheer
- A tumbling skill in which an athlete jumps backward onto their hands and returns to their feet. Cheer terms for new parents →
- Back rowVolleyball
- The three players behind them, who mainly pass and dig. Volleyball terms for new parents →
- Back rowVolleyball
- The three players farthest from the net. Back-row players generally may attack only if they take off behind the attack line, and may not block. Volleyball rotation explained →
- Back upSoftball
- To position behind a teammate so a missed ball or bad throw does not go far. Softball terms for new parents →
- BackcourtBasketball
- The half of the court that contains the basket a team is defending. In standard rules, a team that has moved the ball into the frontcourt generally cannot take it back into the backcourt (a backcourt or over-and-back… Basketball terms for new parents →
- BackhandTennis
- A groundstroke hit on the opposite side from the hitting hand. It can be played with one hand or two. Tennis terms for new parents →
- BacksRugby
- The players, numbered 9 to 15, who mostly move the ball and look for space. Rugby terms for new parents →
- BackspotCheer
- The athlete behind the stunt who helps lift it and keeps watch over the flyer as a key safety role. Cheer terms for new parents →
- Balance beamGymnastics
- The women's event performed on a narrow raised beam. Gymnastics terms for new parents →
- BallSoftball
- A pitch outside the strike zone that the batter does not swing at. Four balls is a walk. Softball terms for new parents →
- Ball handlingBasketball
- Dribbling with control and without looking down. See how to dribble a basketball. First year of youth basketball →
- Ball hits arm held by the sideSoccer
- Often not called if the arm is in a natural position and the ball arrives quickly from a close distance. Handball rule explained →
- BarTrack & field
- The crossbar that jumpers clear in the high jump and pole vault. Track and field terms for new parents →
- BaseCheer
- An athlete who lifts and supports the stunt from the ground. Cheer terms for new parents →
- BaselineBasketball
- The boundary line behind each basket, also called the end line. Basketball terms for new parents →
- BaselineTennis
- The line at the back of the court at each end. Tennis terms for new parents →
- Basket tossCheer
- A skill in which bases launch a flyer into the air, then catch them. Allowed only in some levels and settings. Cheer terms for new parents →
- BatonTrack & field
- The handheld tube passed between runners in a relay. Track and field terms for new parents →
- BatterySoftball
- The pitcher and catcher together. Softball terms for new parents →
- BBBaseball
- A walk, also called a base on balls. Reading a scorebook in depth →
- BB: walks (bases on balls)Baseball
- Four balls. Also written BB%, the share of plate appearances that end in a walk. Baseball stats glossary →
- BBCOR (.50)Baseball
- The standard for high school and college baseball (and used in some older youth divisions, depending on the league). BBCOR bats are -3 drop with a maximum barrel diameter of 2 5/8 inches and must carry the BBCOR stamp. Youth baseball bat standards and sizing →
- Behind-the-backBasketball
- Switching hands by moving the ball behind the body. This is an advanced move, so a beginner should master the basics first. How to dribble a basketball →
- BibCross country
- A numbered piece of cloth or paper pinned to a runner's uniform to identify them. Cross country terms for new parents →
- Bib numberCross country
- The number pinned on the runner, used by officials to match runner to result when bibs are used. Reading cross country results →
- BirdieGolf
- One stroke under par on a hole. Golf terms for new parents →
- BlitzFootball
- A defensive play in which extra players, such as linebackers or defensive backs, rush the quarterback. Football terms for new parents →
- BlockBasketball
- A defender legally deflecting a shot in the air. Basketball terms for new parents →
- BlockFootball
- Using the body to keep a defender away from the ball carrier or quarterback. Football terms for new parents →
- BlockVolleyball
- One or more players at the net reaching above it to stop or redirect an attack. Volleyball terms for new parents →
- BlockingBasketball
- A defender is not in a legal position and gets in the way of a moving player, causing contact. Basketball fouls and violations →
- Blocking a shot with the handSoccer
- Usually a handball, and a defender doing it on the goal line can be shown a card in standard rules. Handball rule explained →
- Blue lineHockey
- One of two blue lines that divide the rink into zones and decide whether a play is offside. Hockey terms for new parents →
- Body checkHockey
- Using the body to separate an opponent from the puck. Many youth levels do not allow it. Hockey terms for new parents →
- BogeyGolf
- One stroke over par on a hole. Golf terms for new parents →
- BottomWrestling
- The wrestler beneath, trying to get free or reverse. Wrestling terms for new parents →
- Bottom position (defense)Wrestling
- The wrestler on the bottom tries to get free for an escape or reverse the opponent for a reversal. Good bottom wrestlers learn to stand up, sit out and roll, as taught by their coaches. Weight classes and positions →
- Bounce passBasketball
- A pass that bounces once on the floor before reaching the receiver. Basketball terms for new parents →
- BoundRugby
- Gripping another player with the whole arm, which is required to join a ruck or maul. Rucks and mauls explained →
- BoutWrestling
- Another word for a single match between two wrestlers. Wrestling terms for new parents →
- Boxing outBasketball
- Using your body to keep an opponent away from the basket so a teammate can grab the rebound. Basketball terms for new parents →
- Boxing outBasketball
- Turning to face the basket and using your body to keep an opponent from the rebound. It is a defensive fundamental in every system. Man-to-man vs zone defense →
- BreakawayHockey
- When a player with the puck has no defender between them and the goalie. Hockey terms for new parents →
- BreakdownRugby
- A general term for the contest for the ball after a tackle, which includes rucks and mauls. Rugby terms for new parents →
- BunkerGolf
- A sand-filled area of the course, often called a sand trap. Golf terms for new parents →
- BuntSoftball
- A short, soft hit made by tapping the ball with the bat without a full swing. Softball terms for new parents →
- ByeTennis
- When a player advances in a tournament without playing a match in that round, often because the draw has an uneven number of players. Tennis terms for new parents →
C
- Camp or clinicVolleyball
- Short programs that teach skills without a full season commitment. A good way to try the sport before joining a team. Choosing a volleyball team →
- Catcher (2)Baseball
- Receives pitches, signals pitch calls in many leagues, blocks balls in the dirt, throws out runners, and directs the defense on plays at the plate. Rewards toughness, quick feet and a good throwing arm. Baseball positions explained →
- Catcher's helmet and maskBaseball
- Protects the head and face. Some are a single piece with a built-in cage, and others are a mask worn over a separate helmet. Catcher's gear fit and care →
- Catcher's mittBaseball
- A heavily padded glove designed to catch pitches, which are thrown much harder than a typical game of catch. Catcher's gear fit and care →
- Center field (8)Baseball
- Covers the most outfield ground and calls off other fielders on balls in the gaps. Rewards speed, good reads off the bat and communication. Baseball positions explained →
- ChalkGymnastics
- A powder used to keep hands dry for a better hold. Gymnastics terms for new parents →
- ChangeoverTennis
- The short break when players switch sides of the net, in standard rules after the first game and then every odd-numbered game, and a good moment to drink water. Tennis terms for new parents →
- Chant (cheer)Cheer
- A short, rhythmic call-and-response used to lead a crowd. Cheer terms for new parents →
- ChargeBasketball
- An offensive foul when a player with the ball runs into a defender who has established a legal guarding position. Exact charge and block rules vary by rule set. Basketball terms for new parents →
- ChargingBasketball
- The player with the ball runs into a defender who already had a legal position. This is called on the offensive player. Basketball fouls and violations →
- Chest passBasketball
- A two-handed pass thrown from the chest straight to a teammate. Basketball terms for new parents →
- Chest protectorBaseball
- Covers the torso and is worn over the shirt. Catcher's gear fit and care →
- ChipGolf
- A short, low shot played near the green that rolls toward the hole. Golf terms for new parents →
- ChuteCross country
- The narrow lane after the finish line where runners stay in order so their place can be recorded. Cross country terms for new parents →
- ClearLacrosse
- Moving the ball from the defensive end of the field to the offensive end, usually starting with the goalie. Lacrosse terms for new parents →
- Clear-outRugby
- When a player drives an opponent away from the ball at a ruck to protect it for their team. Rucks and mauls explained →
- Club or association programFootball
- An organization with multiple teams that may travel or play a wider schedule. Expectations for commitment can be higher. How to choose a youth football league →
- Club teamVolleyball
- Run by a private or nonprofit organization. Clubs often have teams at different levels and may involve more practices, travel and cost. Choosing a volleyball team →
- Code of pointsGymnastics
- The rulebook that tells judges how skills are valued and what deductions to take. Different organizations use different versions. Gymnastics terms for new parents →
- CoedCheer
- A team that includes athletes of more than one gender. Team types and rules vary by organization. Cheer terms for new parents →
- Competition cheerCheer
- A sport in which teams perform a routine for judges against other teams. Cheer terms for new parents →
- Compulsory (or required) routineGymnastics
- A routine set by the governing body or program that every gymnast at a certain level performs. Some programs use them at certain levels. Gymnastics terms for new parents →
- ConditioningGymnastics
- Strength and fitness work that helps support skills and keep gymnasts strong. Gymnastics terms for new parents →
- Consolation drawTennis
- A second bracket for players who lose their first match. Tiebreaks and match formats →
- Control dribbleBasketball
- A low, strong dribble used when a defender is close, with the free arm and body shielding the ball. How to dribble a basketball →
- ConversionRugby
- A kick at goal taken after a try. Worth two points in standard rules. Rugby terms for new parents →
- Cool-downCross country
- Easy jogging or walking after hard effort. Cross country terms for new parents →
- Cool-downTrack & field
- Easy movement after competing to help the body settle. Track and field terms for new parents →
- Corner kickSoccer
- A restart from the corner of the field awarded to the attacking team when the defending team last touched the ball before it crossed the end line. Soccer terms for new parents →
- Count (eight-count)Cheer
- The beat structure coaches use to teach choreography. A common unit is a set of eight beats, called an eight-count. Cheer terms for new parents →
- CourseCross country
- The marked route runners follow, often over grass, dirt or trails. Cross country terms for new parents →
- CradleCheer
- A common dismount in which the flyer is caught by the bases and spotters. Cheer terms for new parents →
- CradleLacrosse
- A gentle rocking motion of the stick that keeps the ball secure in the pocket while running. Lacrosse terms for new parents →
- CreaseHockey
- The painted area around the goal where the goalie has special protection. Hockey terms for new parents →
- CreaseLacrosse
- The circle around each goal. The goalie has special privileges inside it. In boys' lacrosse attackers may not step into it, and in girls' lacrosse field players are generally kept out of it. Lacrosse terms for new parents →
- CrossSoccer
- A pass sent from the side of the field into the area in front of the goal. Soccer terms for new parents →
- CrossoverBasketball
- Moving the ball from one hand to the other in front of the body to change direction. How to dribble a basketball →
- CupGolf
- The hole in the ground that the ball is aimed at. Golf terms for new parents →
D
- Dead ballBasketball
- A moment when play is stopped, such as after a whistle. Substitutions often happen then. Basketball terms for new parents →
- DecisionWrestling
- A win on points when the match ends without a pin. Wrestling terms for new parents →
- DeductionCheer
- Points taken off a score, for example for a rule violation or a safety-related infraction. What counts varies by organization. Cheer terms for new parents →
- DeductionGymnastics
- Points taken off a score for a mistake, such as a bent knee, a fall or a step on a landing. Gymnastics terms for new parents →
- DefensemanHockey
- A player whose main job is protecting their own net and moving the puck up the ice. Hockey terms for new parents →
- Defensive stanceBasketball
- Knees bent, hands active, sliding side to side without crossing the feet. First year of youth basketball →
- DekeHockey
- A fake move that fools a defender or goalie. Hockey terms for new parents →
- Delay of gameFootball
- The offense does not start the play before the play clock runs out. Whether your league uses a play clock varies, so ask. Football penalties explained →
- Delay of gameHockey
- Intentionally stopping play, such as shooting the puck over the glass from your own end. Hockey penalties explained →
- DeuceTennis
- A score of 40-40. A player must win two points in a row to win the game. Tennis terms for new parents →
- DifficultyGymnastics
- The part of a score that reflects how hard the chosen skills and combinations are. Gymnastics terms for new parents →
- DigVolleyball
- A defensive save of a hard-hit or low ball. Volleyball terms for new parents →
- DismountCheer
- The way a flyer comes down from a stunt, often caught by the bases and spotters, depending on the skill and level. Cheer terms for new parents →
- DismountGymnastics
- The final skill that gets the gymnast off an apparatus, such as a flip off a beam or bar. Gymnastics terms for new parents →
- DisplacerCross country
- A finisher beyond the scoring group who does not score for their team but can push opponents' scorers back a place. Cross country terms for new parents →
- Disqualification (DQ)Track & field
- Removal of an athlete or team from an event for breaking a rule. Track and field terms for new parents →
- DistanceTrack & field
- Longer races that test endurance and pacing. Track and field terms for new parents →
- DivisionCheer
- The group of teams that compete against each other, usually set by age, skill level and team type. Cheer terms for new parents →
- DivotGolf
- A piece of turf displaced by a swing, which should be replaced or filled. Golf terms for new parents →
- DNFCross country
- "Did not finish." Used when a runner does not complete the course. Cross country terms for new parents →
- DNFCross country
- Did not finish. A runner who does not complete the course is not given a place. Reading cross country results →
- DNFSwimming
- Did not finish. The swimmer started but did not complete the race. Read a heat sheet →
- DNSSwimming
- Did not start. The swimmer was entered but did not swim the event. Read a heat sheet →
- Dolphin kickSwimming
- A kick where both legs move together in a wave, used in butterfly and often after starts and turns. Swimming terms for new parents →
- Double bogeyGolf
- Two strokes over par on a hole. Golf terms for new parents →
- Double dribbleBasketball
- A violation: dribbling after you have stopped, or dribbling with two hands at the same time. Basketball terms for new parents →
- Double eliminationWrestling
- A wrestler is out only after a second loss. Wrestlers who lose may continue in a consolation bracket and wrestle for a lower placing. Wrestling tournament day guide →
- Double faultTennis
- Two missed serves in a row, which loses the point. Tennis terms for new parents →
- Double playSoftball
- One play that results in two outs. Softball terms for new parents →
- DoublesTennis
- Two players against two players. See singles vs doubles. Tennis terms for new parents →
- DownFootball
- One play. In standard rules the offense gets four downs to gain 10 yards. Football terms for new parents →
- DPBaseball
- A double play, written with the fielders involved, such as 6-4-3. Reading a scorebook in depth →
- DP/FlexSoftball
- Roles in some rule sets where a designated player bats without playing defense, often paired with a flex player on the field. Softball terms for new parents →
- DP: double playsBaseball
- Two outs recorded on one play. Baseball stats glossary →
- DQCross country
- "Disqualified." Used when a runner is removed from the results for breaking a rule, such as leaving the course. Cross country terms for new parents →
- DQSwimming
- Disqualified. An official saw something that did not match the rules. The swim is not ranked. Read a heat sheet →
- DQ (disqualification)Swimming
- A swim that does not count because an official saw a rule broken, such as a wrong touch or kick. Swimming terms for new parents →
- DrawLacrosse
- The way play starts in girls' lacrosse. The ball is placed between two sticks and released into the air on the whistle. Lacrosse terms for new parents →
- DrawSoccer
- A game that ends with both teams having the same number of goals. Also called a tie. Soccer terms for new parents →
- DrawTennis
- The chart showing who plays whom in a tournament. Tennis terms for new parents →
- DribbleBasketball
- Bouncing the ball while moving. Basketball terms for new parents →
- DribbleSoccer
- To move with the ball under control using small touches of the feet. Soccer terms for new parents →
- DrillSwimming
- An exercise that isolates one part of a stroke to improve technique. Swimming terms for new parents →
- DrillingWrestling
- Repeating a move or movement again and again with a cooperating partner to learn it. First wrestling practice →
- DriveGolf
- A long tee shot, usually with the driver. Golf terms for new parents →
- DriverGolf
- The club made for the longest tee shots. Golf terms for new parents →
- Drop goalRugby
- A kick at goal during open play, made by dropping the ball and kicking it as it bounces. Worth three points in standard rules. Rugby terms for new parents →
- Drop shotTennis
- A soft shot that barely clears the net and lands close to it. Tennis terms for new parents →
- Dropped ballSoccer
- A restart used when the referee stops play for a reason that is not a foul, such as an injury. The ball is dropped to one team in standard rules, and local practice may vary. Throw-ins, goal kicks, corners →
- Dual meetSwimming
- A meet between two teams, often scored by points. Swimming terms for new parents →
- Dual meetWrestling
- A competition between two teams, where wrestlers of the same weight class face one another and the results combine into a team score. Wrestling terms for new parents →
- Dynamic stretchingSoccer
- Controlled movements that take the body through a range of motion, such as leg swings or walking lunges. Commonly used before play. Warm-up and injury prevention →
E
- E and a numberBaseball
- An error on that fielder. E6 is an error on the shortstop. Reading a scorebook in depth →
- E: errorsBaseball
- A misplay that allows a batter or runner to reach or advance when an ordinary effort would have recorded an out. Baseball stats glossary →
- EagleGolf
- Two strokes under par on a hole. Golf terms for new parents →
- Easy runCross country
- A relaxed run at a comfortable pace, where talking is possible. Most beginner training is easy running. Cross country terms for new parents →
- Empty netHockey
- A net with no goalie, often because the goalie was replaced by an extra attacker when a team is trailing. Hockey terms for new parents →
- EncroachmentFootball
- In many rule sets, a player enters the neutral zone before the snap and makes contact with an opponent or forces a reaction. The exact definition varies by level of play. Football penalties explained →
- End zoneFootball
- The scoring area at each end of the field, just past the goal line. Football terms for new parents →
- ER: earned runsBaseball
- Runs that scored without the help of an error or passed ball. Baseball stats glossary →
- ERA: earned run averageBaseball
- (Earned runs × innings in a regulation game) ÷ Innings pitched. Use 9 for nine-inning games; many youth games are six or seven innings, so the multiplier is 6 or 7. Compare ERAs only between games of the same length. Baseball stats glossary →
- ErrorSoftball
- A misplay by a fielder that allows a batter or runner to reach or advance when an out should have been made. Softball terms for new parents →
- EscapeWrestling
- Getting free from the bottom position and back to neutral. One point. Wrestling terms for new parents →
- EscapeWrestling
- A wrestler on the bottom gets away from the top wrestler and returns to a standing position. Following a wrestling match →
- EventTrack & field
- A single competition, such as the 100-meter dash or the long jump. Track and field terms for new parents →
- ExchangeSwimming
- The handoff in a relay, when one swimmer touches the wall and the next swimmer leaves the block. Swimming terms for new parents →
- ExchangeSwimming
- The moment when one relay swimmer finishes a leg and the next swimmer takes over. Swimming relays explained →
- Exchange zoneTrack & field
- The marked area where the baton must be handed over in a relay. Track and field terms for new parents →
- ExecutionGymnastics
- How well a skill is performed, including form, body position, control and landing. Gymnastics terms for new parents →
- Exit velocityBaseball
- How fast the ball leaves the bat, in miles per hour, usually read by radar or a sensor. Baseball stats glossary →
- Extra pointFootball
- A kick through the uprights after a touchdown, worth one point in standard rules. Football terms for new parents →
F
- FaceoffHockey
- The way play starts or restarts, when an official drops the puck between two opposing players. Hockey terms for new parents →
- FaceoffLacrosse
- The way play starts in boys' lacrosse. Two players crouch with the ball on the ground between their sticks and fight for it on the whistle. Lacrosse terms for new parents →
- Fair catchFootball
- A signal (usually a raised hand) from a player receiving a kick or punt that they will not run with the ball. In standard rules the player is protected from being hit and cannot advance the ball. Football terms for new parents →
- FairwayGolf
- Short, neatly mown grass between the tee and the green. Golf terms for new parents →
- False startFootball
- An offensive player moves in a way that looks like the start of the play before the snap. It is a very common penalty in beginner games. Football penalties explained →
- False startTrack & field
- Leaving the blocks or starting line before the start signal. Track and field terms for new parents →
- FartlekCross country
- A Swedish word meaning "speed play." Running with unstructured changes of pace, often made into a game. Cross country terms for new parents →
- Fast breakBasketball
- A quick attack up the court after gaining possession, before the defense is set. Basketball terms for new parents →
- Fast breakLacrosse
- A quick attack when a team has more players near the goal than the defense. Lacrosse terms for new parents →
- Fastball velocityBaseball
- Pitch speed in mph, measured by radar. Baseball stats glossary →
- FastpitchSoftball
- The version of softball where pitchers throw hard and fast, underhand. Softball terms for new parents →
- FaultTennis
- A serve that does not land in the correct service box, hits the net without landing in the box, or is hit with a foot fault. Tennis terms for new parents →
- FaultVolleyball
- A rule violation that ends the rally, such as four hits or a touch of the net. Volleyball terms for new parents →
- FCBaseball
- Fielder's choice. The fielder chose to get another runner out, so the batter reaches base but is not credited with a hit. Reading a scorebook in depth →
- Field goalBasketball
- Any made shot that is not a free throw. Basketball terms for new parents →
- Field goalFootball
- A kick through the uprights during regular play, worth three points in standard rules. Football terms for new parents →
- FinalTrack & field
- The last round of an event, which decides the top places. Track and field terms for new parents →
- Finish timeCross country
- How long the runner took to complete the course. Compare these mainly on the same course. Reading cross country results →
- First base (3)Baseball
- Receives throws to record outs. Rewards good hands, footwork around the bag and, at some levels, height and reach. Baseball positions explained →
- First downFootball
- The first of a new set of downs, earned when the offense gains enough yards. Football terms for new parents →
- First touchSoccer
- The first contact a player makes when receiving a pass. A good first touch sets up the next move. Soccer terms for new parents →
- Flag leagueFootball
- A non-tackle format. Often a good first step for beginners and for families who want less contact. How to choose a youth football league →
- FlexibilityGymnastics
- How far joints and muscles can move, which gymnasts work on through stretching. Gymnastics terms for new parents →
- Flip turnSwimming
- A fast turn where a swimmer somersaults near the wall and pushes off with their feet. Swimming terms for new parents →
- Float serveVolleyball
- An overhand serve struck firmly with little spin so the ball moves unpredictably in the air. Players usually learn it after the basic overhand serve feels comfortable. Serving for beginners →
- Flutter kickSwimming
- A kick with alternating up and down leg movements, used in freestyle and backstroke. Swimming terms for new parents →
- FlyerCheer
- The athlete who is lifted into the air. Cheer terms for new parents →
- FolkstyleWrestling
- The style of wrestling used in American high school and college programs and in many youth programs. Wrestling terms for new parents →
- Force outSoftball
- An out made by touching a base with the ball when a runner has to move to that base. Softball terms for new parents →
- ForecheckHockey
- Pressuring the other team in its own end to win the puck back. Hockey terms for new parents →
- ForehandTennis
- A groundstroke hit on the same side as the hitting hand. Tennis terms for new parents →
- FormationCheer
- The shape or arrangement a team makes on the floor, such as lines or groups, as athletes move through a routine. Cheer terms for new parents →
- Forward passRugby
- A pass thrown toward the opponent's goal line, which is not allowed. Rugby terms for new parents →
- ForwardsRugby
- The players, numbered 1 to 8, who mostly contest the scrum, lineout and breakdown. Rugby terms for new parents →
- FoulBasketball
- Illegal contact. Too many fouls can send a player to the bench. Basketball terms for new parents →
- FoulLacrosse
- A rule break. It can lead to a free position for the other team or a player sitting out. Lacrosse terms for new parents →
- FoulSoccer
- An unfair act, such as tripping or pushing, that results in a free kick or penalty kick. Soccer terms for new parents →
- FoulTrack & field
- An attempt that does not count because a rule was broken, such as stepping over the line. Track and field terms for new parents →
- Foul ballSoftball
- A batted ball that lands outside the foul lines. Softball terms for new parents →
- FPCT: fielding percentageBaseball
- (Putouts + Assists) ÷ (Putouts + Assists + Errors). Baseball stats glossary →
- Free kickSoccer
- A kick awarded to a team after the other team commits a foul or certain other infractions, such as offside. It can be direct or indirect. Soccer terms for new parents →
- Free kickSoccer
- A restart after a foul. See fouls and cards explained for how direct and indirect free kicks differ. Throw-ins, goal kicks, corners →
- Free throwBasketball
- An unguarded shot from the free-throw line, worth one point. Basketball terms for new parents →
- FreestyleSwimming
- The event where any stroke may be swum, most often front crawl. Swimming terms for new parents →
- FringeGolf
- The slightly longer grass edging the green. Golf terms for new parents →
- Front nine and back nineGolf
- The first nine holes and the last nine holes of an 18-hole round. Golf terms for new parents →
- Front rowVolleyball
- The three players at the net. They may block and attack from the front. Volleyball terms for new parents →
- Front rowVolleyball
- The three players closest to the net, generally allowed to attack and block anywhere along the net. Volleyball rotation explained →
- Front spotCheer
- A spotter at the front of some stunts who helps with balance and safety. Cheer terms for new parents →
- Full-court pressBasketball
- Defending the whole court instead of waiting at half court, to pressure the ball handler. Many youth leagues limit it at younger ages. Man-to-man vs zone defense →
- FumbleFootball
- When the ball carrier loses possession of the ball. Either team can recover it. Football terms for new parents →
G
- GameTennis
- A unit of scoring made up of points. The first to win four points, with a two-point lead, wins it. Tennis terms for new parents →
- GateRugby
- The imaginary entrance to a ruck, behind the ball and behind the last foot of your own teammates. Rucks and mauls explained →
- GiantGymnastics
- A full circle swing around the bar with the body extended. Gymnastics terms for new parents →
- Goal kickSoccer
- A restart taken by the defending team after the attacking team last touched the ball before it crossed the end line. Soccer terms for new parents →
- GoalieLacrosse
- The player who protects the net and is the only one allowed to touch the ball with a hand inside the crease. Lacrosse terms for new parents →
- Goalie headLacrosse
- A larger head, designed to block shots. Goalie sticks are built for the position and are not the same as field-player sticks. How to choose a lacrosse stick →
- GoalkeeperSoccer
- The player who defends the goal and is the only one allowed to use hands in the penalty area. Also called a keeper or goalie. Soccer terms for new parents →
- Goalkeeper outside the penalty areaSoccer
- The keeper is treated like any other player, so a deliberate handball there is a foul. Handball rule explained →
- GreenGolf
- The smooth, closely cut area around the hole where players putt. Golf terms for new parents →
- GripTennis
- Either the handle of the racquet or the way a player holds it. Tennis terms for new parents →
- GripsGymnastics
- Hand protection worn on certain apparatus such as bars and rings. Gymnastics terms for new parents →
- Ground ballLacrosse
- A loose ball on the ground. Players race to scoop it up with the stick. Lacrosse terms for new parents →
- GroundstrokeTennis
- Any shot hit after the ball has bounced. Tennis terms for new parents →
- Guaranteed matchesWrestling
- Some beginner and youth events promise each child a certain number of matches. Check the event flyer to see if yours does. Wrestling tournament day guide →
H
- HandicapGolf
- A number that estimates a golfer's ability, used to even out competition. Golf terms for new parents →
- Handling a throw-inSoccer
- A throw-in uses the hands on purpose, and is allowed in the throw-in itself. See throw-ins, goal kicks and corner kicks. Handball rule explained →
- HandoffFootball
- When the quarterback gives the ball directly to a running back instead of throwing it. Football terms for new parents →
- HandstandGymnastics
- A basic skill in which the gymnast balances upside down on the hands. It is a foundation for many events. Gymnastics terms for new parents →
- Hat trickHockey
- Three goals by one player in a game. Hockey terms for new parents →
- HBPBaseball
- Hit by pitch. The batter goes to first base. Reading a scorebook in depth →
- HBP: hit by pitchBaseball
- The batter is hit by a pitch and awarded first base. Baseball stats glossary →
- HeadLacrosse
- The top of the stick, shaped to catch, hold and throw the ball. Boys' heads are wider at the top than girls' heads in standard rules. How to choose a lacrosse stick →
- HeaderSoccer
- Playing the ball with the head. Rules about heading in youth soccer vary by organization and age group, and many U.S. programs ban or limit it for younger players. Soccer terms for new parents →
- HeatSwimming
- One group of swimmers racing together in a single event. A busy event may have many heats. Swimming terms for new parents →
- HeatTrack & field
- One of several groups of runners in the same race, used when there are too many athletes to run together. Track and field terms for new parents →
- Heat sheetSwimming
- A printed or online list of each event, heat and lane, so you can find your swimmer. Swimming terms for new parents →
- HeelBaseball
- The bottom of the palm, where the glove's padding sits. Choosing a baseball glove →
- Help defenseBasketball
- A defender leaves their own player briefly to stop a teammate's opponent from scoring, then recovers. Man-to-man vs zone defense →
- HesitationBasketball
- A pause or change in speed meant to freeze a defender before accelerating. How to dribble a basketball →
- High stickingHockey
- Making contact with an opponent using the stick above the shoulders. Exact definitions vary by league. Hockey penalties explained →
- Hill repeatsCross country
- Running up a hill several times, with easy jogging or walking back down to recover. Cross country terms for new parents →
- Hitting the shooterBasketball
- Contact with a player who is in the act of shooting, usually on the arm or wrist. Basketball fouls and violations →
- HoldingBasketball
- Grabbing or hanging on to an opponent to slow them down. Basketball fouls and violations →
- HoldingHockey
- Grabbing an opponent with hands or arms to stop their movement. Hockey penalties explained →
- Hole-in-one (ace)Golf
- Hitting the ball into the cup with the tee shot. Golf terms for new parents →
- HonorsGolf
- The right to hit first from the tee, usually earned by having the best score (or winning the hole in match play) on the previous hole. Golf terms for new parents →
- HookingHockey
- A penalty for using the stick to hold or impede an opponent. Hockey terms for new parents →
- HookingHockey
- Using the stick to hold back or impede an opponent. Hockey penalties explained →
- Hospitality and concessionsSwimming
- Not about swimming, but meets run better when swimmers, coaches and officials are fed. These jobs are a good fit for families who prefer to stay off the deck. Swim meet volunteer jobs →
- HuddleFootball
- A short gathering where the team hears the next play before lining up. Football terms for new parents →
- HurdlesTrack & field
- A race where athletes jump over barriers placed on the track. Track and field terms for new parents →
I
- IcingHockey
- Shooting the puck from your own half past the opposing goal line without anyone touching it. Play stops, and the faceoff comes back to the end of the team that iced the puck. Rules vary by level. Hockey terms for new parents →
- Illegal holdWrestling
- A move that is banned because it could injure a wrestler. The referee stops the match if one occurs. Wrestling terms for new parents →
- Illegal hold or moveWrestling
- A hold that is not allowed because it risks injury. Examples in standard folkstyle include slamming an opponent to the mat (forcing them down with excessive force, as opposed to a legal takedown), choking, and… Wrestling penalties explained →
- IM (individual medley)Swimming
- A race in which one swimmer swims all four strokes. In standard rules the order is butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, freestyle. Swimming terms for new parents →
- ImplementTrack & field
- The object thrown in a throwing event, like a shot or discus. Track and field terms for new parents →
- In-goalRugby
- The area behind the goal line where tries are scored. Rugby terms for new parents →
- InboundBasketball
- Putting the ball back into play from out of bounds, usually with a pass. Basketball terms for new parents →
- Incomplete passFootball
- A forward pass that is not caught. The play ends and the clock rules depend on the league. Football terms for new parents →
- Infield flySoftball
- A rule that protects runners in certain situations by calling the batter out on an easily caught fly ball. Your coach can explain how your league applies it. Softball terms for new parents →
- InningSoftball
- One turn for each team to bat and play defense. A team's turn ends after three outs. Softball terms for new parents →
- InsoleSoccer
- The cushion inside the shoe under the foot. Some are removable. Choosing kids soccer cleats →
- InterceptionFootball
- When a defender catches a pass meant for the offense, giving the defense the ball. Football terms for new parents →
- InterferenceHockey
- Blocking an opponent who does not have the puck. Hockey penalties explained →
- IntervalSwimming
- The time the coach gives to start each swim. Swimmers leave on the clock and rest whatever time remains. Swimming terms for new parents →
- IntervalsCross country
- Repeated faster efforts with rest or easy running between them. Cross country terms for new parents →
- InvitationalCross country
- A larger meet hosted by one team that invites others. Often has many races over a long day. Cross country terms for new parents →
- IP: innings pitchedBaseball
- Written in thirds: 5.1 is five and one-third innings, 5.2 is five and two-thirds. Baseball stats glossary →
- IronGolf
- A numbered club with a flat metal face, used for many shots from the fairway. Golf terms for new parents →
- ISO: isolated powerBaseball
- SLG − AVG. Extra-base power, ignoring singles. Baseball stats glossary →
J
- Jump ballBasketball
- A method of starting play in which an official tosses the ball up between two players. Some leagues use alternating possession instead. Basketball terms for new parents →
- Jump shotBasketball
- A shot taken while jumping, away from the basket. Basketball terms for new parents →
K
- KBaseball
- Strikeout swinging. A backward K (or a K with a slash) is generally used for a called third strike, though some scorers use K for both. Reading a scorebook in depth →
- K/9: strikeouts per nine inningsBaseball
- Strikeouts × 9 ÷ Innings pitched. BB/9 works the same way for walks. Baseball stats glossary →
- K/BB: strikeout-to-walk ratioBaseball
- Strikeouts ÷ Walks. A quick read on control. Baseball stats glossary →
- KickCross country
- A burst of speed near the end of a race. Cross country terms for new parents →
- Kick-offSoccer
- The restart at the start of each half and after a goal. The ball is placed at the center spot and played forward or in any direction in standard rules, with the other team staying outside the center circle. Throw-ins, goal kicks, corners →
- KickoffFootball
- A kick that starts each half and follows many scores. Some youth leagues change or limit kickoffs. Football terms for new parents →
- KillVolleyball
- An attack that wins the point right away. Volleyball terms for new parents →
- Knock-onRugby
- Losing the ball forward, which usually gives the other team a scrum. Rugby terms for new parents →
L
- LacingBaseball
- The leather strips that hold the glove together. Loose or broken laces are a sign that repair or replacement is due. Choosing a baseball glove →
- LandingGymnastics
- How a gymnast finishes a skill on the mat. A controlled landing, often called a stuck or sticking the landing, is when the gymnast finishes without stepping or hopping. Gymnastics terms for new parents →
- LaneSwimming
- The strip of water a swimmer stays in, marked by lane lines. Lanes are numbered. Swimming terms for new parents →
- LaneTrack & field
- The marked path an athlete runs in during races where runners must stay apart. Track and field terms for new parents →
- LayupBasketball
- A shot taken close to the basket, usually while moving, often off the backboard. Basketball terms for new parents →
- LeadoffSwimming
- The first swimmer in a relay, who starts the race from a standing dive or in the water for backstroke. Swimming relays explained →
- Learn to playHockey
- Introduces the puck, stick and basic team ideas, usually with lots of fun drills and small games. How to choose a youth hockey program →
- Learn to skateHockey
- Focuses on balance, stopping, turning and falling safely. Often a good first step for a child who has not been on the ice. How to choose a youth hockey program →
- Leather upperSoccer
- Natural or genuine leather that tends to mold to the foot over time. It may need more care and can feel heavier when wet. Choosing kids soccer cleats →
- Left field (7) and right field (9)Baseball
- Catch fly balls, cut off balls hit down the lines, back up throws and keep runners from taking extra bases. Right field often needs the stronger arm because of the long throw to third base. Baseball positions explained →
- Leg guards (shin guards)Baseball
- Strap onto the legs from the shin to the top of the foot to protect the lower legs. Catcher's gear fit and care →
- LetTennis
- A point or serve that is replayed, for example when a serve touches the net cord and still lands in the correct box, or when a ball from another court interrupts play. Tennis terms for new parents →
- LevelCheer
- A measure of skill difficulty. The skills allowed at each level are set by the organization, so ask your program. Cheer terms for new parents →
- LevelGymnastics
- A stage in a program's skill ladder. Levels, numbering and rules differ by country and organization, so ask your gym how it works. Gymnastics terms for new parents →
- LiberoVolleyball
- A back-row defensive specialist in a different jersey color with special substitution and play restrictions. Volleyball terms for new parents →
- LieGolf
- The spot and condition where your ball has come to rest. A good lie sits up nicely on the grass, and a bad lie might be buried in the rough. Golf terms for new parents →
- Line changeHockey
- Swapping a group of players on the ice for fresh ones, often during play. Hockey terms for new parents →
- Line judgeVolleyball
- A person who signals whether a ball is in or out near a boundary line. Not every youth match has them, and sometimes players or parents fill in. Volleyball game day for parents →
- Line of scrimmageFootball
- The imaginary line across the field where the ball is placed before the snap. Neither team may cross it early. Football terms for new parents →
- LineoutRugby
- A restart after the ball goes into touch. Players form two lines and jump to catch a throw-in. Rugby terms for new parents →
- Live wrestlingWrestling
- Wrestling where both partners try to score, as opposed to a drill where one partner cooperates. First wrestling practice →
- Load-in (mount)Cheer
- The way the flyer is lifted into a stunt. Cheer terms for new parents →
- LobTennis
- A high shot that goes over an opponent who is at the net. Tennis terms for new parents →
- LOB: left on baseBaseball
- Runners still on base when the inning ends. Baseball stats glossary →
- Long course meters (LCM)Swimming
- A pool 50 meters long. International competition is generally swum long course. Short course vs long course →
- Long runCross country
- The longest run of a runner's week, done at an easy pace. Cross country terms for new parents →
- LoveTennis
- Zero. Tennis terms for new parents →
M
- Man-to-manBasketball
- A defense in which each player guards a specific opponent. Basketball terms for new parents →
- Man-upLacrosse
- A situation where one team has extra players on the field because the other team has a player serving a penalty. Lacrosse terms for new parents →
- MarkingSoccer
- Staying close to an opponent to stop them from receiving the ball. Soccer terms for new parents →
- Marshal / clerkTrack & field
- An official who checks athletes in and sends them to events. Track and field terms for new parents →
- Marshal or clerk of courseSwimming
- Helps gather swimmers before each heat, checks that swimmers are in the correct heat and lane and sends them to the blocks. This job is good for patient people who like working with kids. Swim meet volunteer jobs →
- MatchVolleyball
- The full contest between two teams, made up of several sets. Volleyball terms for new parents →
- Match playGolf
- Players or teams compete to win individual holes. Golf terms for new parents →
- Match tiebreakTennis
- A longer tiebreak played in place of a deciding third set in some formats. Tiebreaks and match formats →
- MaulRugby
- A group moves together while the ball carrier is held up by opponents and supported by teammates. Rugby terms for new parents →
- Medley relaySwimming
- A team race of four swimmers, each swimming a different stroke. Swimming terms for new parents →
- MeetCross country
- A cross country event where several teams compete. A meet may include several races, grouped by age, level or gender. Cross country terms for new parents →
- MeetTrack & field
- A track and field competition with many events and athletes from different teams. Track and field terms for new parents →
- Mental blockGymnastics
- Fear or hesitation that makes a gymnast unable to perform a skill she or he has done before. It is more common than parents realize. Talk with the coach. Gymnastics terms for new parents →
- Middle blockerVolleyball
- The front-row player who anchors the block in the center. Volleyball terms for new parents →
- MidfieldLacrosse
- Players who cover the whole field, helping both on offense and defense. Lacrosse terms for new parents →
- MidfieldSoccer
- The central part of the field, and the players who play there. Soccer terms for new parents →
- MountGymnastics
- The first skill of a routine, used to get onto an apparatus. Gymnastics terms for new parents →
- MulliganGolf
- A friendly do-over of a shot. It is not allowed in official play but is common in casual rounds. Golf terms for new parents →
N
- Near fallWrestling
- Holding the opponent's back close to the mat for a set time. Points depend on the rule set and the time held. Wrestling terms for new parents →
- Near fallWrestling
- Holding an opponent with their back close to the mat for a certain amount of time, short of a pin. Following a wrestling match →
- Negative splitCross country
- Running the second half of a race faster than the first half. Cross country terms for new parents →
- NetTennis
- The barrier across the middle of the court that the ball must clear. Tennis terms for new parents →
- NeutralWrestling
- Both wrestlers are standing and neither has control. Wrestling terms for new parents →
- Neutral zoneFootball
- The space between the two teams along the line of scrimmage, about the length of the ball. Players should stay out of it until the snap, other than the center holding the ball. Football terms for new parents →
- Neutral zoneHockey
- The middle area of the ice between the two blue lines. Hockey terms for new parents →
- Next-play mindsetBasketball
- After a mistake, take a breath and focus on what you can do now, such as getting back on defense. Basketball nerves and confidence →
- NTSwimming
- No time. The swimmer entered without a previous time in that event. Read a heat sheet →
O
- OBP: on-base percentageBaseball
- (Hits + Walks + Hit-by-pitch) ÷ (At-bats + Walks + Hit-by-pitch + Sacrifice flies). How often a batter reaches base. Baseball stats glossary →
- Offense and defenseBasketball
- The team with the ball is on offense. The other team is on defense. Basketball terms for new parents →
- OffsideFootball
- A penalty when a player is beyond the line of scrimmage (in the neutral zone) when the ball is snapped. Football terms for new parents →
- OffsideFootball
- A player is beyond their own team's side of the line of scrimmage (in the neutral zone or past it) when the ball is snapped. It can be called on either team, though it is most often seen on defense. Football penalties explained →
- OffsideHockey
- When an attacking player crosses the blue line into the offensive zone ahead of the puck. Exact rules vary by level. Hockey terms for new parents →
- OffsideRugby
- Being in a position where you are not allowed to take part in play. Referees award a penalty if it affects the game. Rugby terms for new parents →
- OffsideSoccer
- A rule that stops attackers from waiting near the opponent's goal. See the rules guide for the basics. Soccer terms for new parents →
- OffsidesLacrosse
- A boys' lacrosse rule about having too few or too many players on one side of the field. Girls' lacrosse has different positioning rules. Lacrosse terms for new parents →
- Open turnSwimming
- A turn where the swimmer touches the wall with the hand and turns around. Used in breaststroke and butterfly, where the rules require a two-hand touch, and at stroke changes in the IM. Swimming terms for new parents →
- OPS: on-base plus sluggingBaseball
- OBP + SLG. A quick one-number view of a hitter's overall production. Baseball stats glossary →
- Optional routineGymnastics
- A routine the gymnast and coach design themselves, within the rules for the level. Gymnastics terms for new parents →
- OutSoftball
- When a batter or runner is removed from play, for example by a strikeout, catch or tag. Softball terms for new parents →
- Out of boundsGolf
- Areas outside the playing boundary. A ball hit there brings a penalty. Golf terms for new parents →
- Out of boundsWrestling
- When wrestling action leaves the circle on the mat and the referee stops and restarts the action. Wrestling terms for new parents →
- Outside hitterVolleyball
- A front-row attacker who plays the left side of the net. Volleyball terms for new parents →
- OvergripTennis
- A thin wrap placed over the racquet handle for comfort and grip. Tennis terms for new parents →
- Overhand serveVolleyball
- The server tosses the ball in front of the hitting shoulder and strikes it with an open hand, similar to a throwing motion. It takes more coordination but is a goal for most players as they grow. Serving for beginners →
- OverlapVolleyball
- When players stand out of order relative to the neighbors in front, behind or beside them at the moment of the serve. Overlap is a fault in standard rules, and the other team is awarded the point. Volleyball rotation explained →
- OvertimeBasketball
- An extra period some leagues use to break a tie. Youth leagues vary. Basketball terms for new parents →
- OvertimeWrestling
- Extra time used to break a tie. Wrestling terms for new parents →
P
- PA: plate appearancesBaseball
- Every completed trip to the plate: at-bats plus walks, hit-by-pitches, sacrifices and catcher's interference. Baseball stats glossary →
- PaceCross country
- How fast a runner moves, often described as time per mile or kilometer. Cross country terms for new parents →
- PaceTrack & field
- The speed an athlete maintains during a race. Track and field terms for new parents →
- PackCross country
- A group of teammates running close together. Coaches often like a tight pack. Cross country terms for new parents →
- ParGolf
- The number of strokes an expert is expected to take on a hole. Golf terms for new parents →
- Par 3, par 4, par 5Golf
- Hole types named for their par. A par 3 is generally the shortest and a par 5 the longest. Golf terms for new parents →
- Pass or bumpVolleyball
- Using the forearms to send the ball up toward the setter. Volleyball terms for new parents →
- PassingBasketball
- Chest passes, bounce passes and catching with two hands, so the team can move the ball. First year of youth basketball →
- PB: passed ballBaseball
- A catcher's failure to handle a pitch that he should have, allowing runners to advance. Baseball stats glossary →
- PenaltyRugby
- A kick awarded to one team after the other team breaks a rule. The team may kick at goal, kick to touch, or tap the ball and run. A free kick is similar for lesser offenses but cannot be kicked at goal for points… Rugby terms for new parents →
- Penalty areaGolf
- A marked area, often water, where a player may take relief for a penalty stroke or, in many cases, play the ball as it lies without penalty. Golf terms for new parents →
- Penalty areaSoccer
- The large marked box in front of each goal where the goalkeeper may use hands. Also called the box or the 18-yard box. Soccer terms for new parents →
- Penalty boxHockey
- The bench area where penalized players serve their time. Hockey terms for new parents →
- Penalty kickSoccer
- A free shot at the goalkeeper from the penalty mark, awarded for certain fouls inside the defending team's penalty area. Soccer terms for new parents →
- Penalty strokeGolf
- A stroke added to your score under the rules, for example after hitting out of bounds. Golf terms for new parents →
- PeriodWrestling
- A timed segment of a match. How many and how long varies by league. Wrestling terms for new parents →
- Personal bestSwimming
- A swimmer's fastest time so far in that event. It is also called a PB or a best time, and some meets mark it on the results. Read a heat sheet →
- Personal best (PB or PR)Track & field
- An athlete's own best time, distance, or height so far. Track and field terms for new parents →
- Personal best (PB)Swimming
- A swimmer's fastest official time in an event. Many teams also say “best time” or “PR.” Swimming terms for new parents →
- Personal foulBasketball
- A foul involving illegal contact. Players leave a game after a set number, which varies. Basketball terms for new parents →
- PickLacrosse
- A teammate stands in a spot that blocks a defender so the ball carrier can move free. Lacrosse terms for new parents →
- Pin (fall)Wrestling
- Holding both of the opponent's shoulders to the mat for the required time. It ends the match. Wrestling terms for new parents →
- Pin (flagstick)Golf
- The pole with a flag that shows the hole's location. Golf terms for new parents →
- Pin, or fallWrestling
- Holding both of an opponent's shoulders to the mat long enough for the referee to end the match. Following a wrestling match →
- PitchRugby
- The playing field. Rugby terms for new parents →
- PitchSoccer
- Another word for the soccer field, used widely outside the United States. Soccer terms for new parents →
- Pitch countBaseball
- Total pitches thrown. Many youth leagues set daily limits and required rest by pitch count. See our arm care guide. Baseball stats glossary →
- Pitcher (1)Baseball
- Starts every play by throwing to the batter, and also fields balls hit back toward the mound and covers bases. Rewards a strong, accurate arm, composure and repeatable mechanics. Because pitching is demanding on… Baseball positions explained →
- Pitcher's circleSoftball
- The circle around the pitcher's plate (the rubber) where the pitcher stands and pitches. Softball terms for new parents →
- PivotBasketball
- Turning on one foot while the other foot stays in place. Basketball terms for new parents →
- PlaceCross country
- Where a runner finishes, such as first or twentieth. In team scoring, a place equals points. Cross country terms for new parents →
- PlaceCross country
- Where the runner finished among all finishers in that race: 1st, 2nd, 3rd and so on. Reading cross country results →
- Play clockFootball
- A countdown that limits how long the offense has to start a play. Many youth leagues use a play clock differently or not at all. Football terms for new parents →
- PO: putoutsBaseball
- Outs a fielder records directly, such as catching a fly ball or taking a throw at first. Baseball stats glossary →
- PocketBaseball
- The area in the palm where the ball is meant to land and stay. A well-formed pocket is what makes catching feel natural. Choosing a baseball glove →
- PocketFootball
- The protected space the offensive line tries to form around the quarterback while he or she looks to pass. Football terms for new parents →
- PocketLacrosse
- The netted part of the stick head where the ball sits. Lacrosse terms for new parents →
- PocketLacrosse
- The netting strung into the head. How deep or shallow it sits affects how the ball feels when you cradle, catch and throw. How to choose a lacrosse stick →
- Pommel horseGymnastics
- The men's event in which the gymnast swings the legs while supporting himself on the handles and body of the horse. Gymnastics terms for new parents →
- Pop timeBaseball
- For catchers: the time from the pitch reaching the catcher's mitt to the throw reaching the infielder's glove at second base. Baseball stats glossary →
- Positive self-talkBasketball
- Short phrases like "I can do this" or "next one" that replace worried thoughts. Basketball nerves and confidence →
- PossessionBasketball
- Having control of the ball, and the right to try to score with it. Basketball terms for new parents →
- PossessionSoccer
- Having control of the ball for your team. Soccer terms for new parents →
- Potentially dangerous moveWrestling
- A move that puts an opponent in a risky position, even if the wrestler did not mean harm. The referee may stop the match and, depending on the rules, award a penalty or a warning. Wrestling penalties explained →
- Power playHockey
- When one team has more skaters on the ice because the other team has a player in the penalty box. Hockey terms for new parents →
- PRCross country
- Personal record, a runner's best time. Also called a PB, for personal best. A PR is usually specific to a course or distance. Cross country terms for new parents →
- PRCross country
- Personal record, a runner's best time. Beginners often set a new PR every few races, especially on the same course. Reading cross country results →
- Pre-shot routineBasketball
- A short, repeatable set of steps before a free throw, such as a bounce, a breath and a look at the rim. Routines help settle the mind. Basketball nerves and confidence →
- PressingSoccer
- Closing down the opponent with the ball to win it back quickly. Soccer terms for new parents →
- ProgressionCheer
- The step-by-step order in which a skill is taught, with each step mastered before the next. Cheer terms for new parents →
- ProgressionGymnastics
- A step-by-step series of drills that builds toward a harder skill. Gymnastics terms for new parents →
- Provisional ballGolf
- An extra ball played, after announcing it, when your first one might be lost or out of bounds (not in a penalty area), so play can continue without walking back. Golf terms for new parents →
- PuntFootball
- A kick in which the punter drops the ball and kicks it before it hits the ground, usually on fourth down, to push the other team farther from the end zone it is attacking. Football terms for new parents →
- PushingBasketball
- Using the hands or body to move an opponent out of the way, often seen when players compete for rebounds. Basketball fouls and violations →
- PuttGolf
- A stroke made on the green to roll the ball toward the hole. Golf terms for new parents →
- PutterGolf
- The flat-faced club used to roll the ball on the green. Golf terms for new parents →
- PyramidCheer
- A formation in which stunts are connected to one another. Cheer terms for new parents →
Q
- Qualifying roundTrack & field
- An early round that decides who moves on to the final. Track and field terms for new parents →
R
- R: runs scoredBaseball
- Times a player crosses home plate. Baseball stats glossary →
- RallyTennis
- A series of shots back and forth in one point. Tennis terms for new parents →
- RallyVolleyball
- The period of play from the serve until the ball becomes dead, such as when it hits the floor or someone makes a fault. Volleyball terms for new parents →
- Rally scoringVolleyball
- A system where a point is awarded after every rally, no matter which team served. Volleyball terms for new parents →
- RBI: runs batted inBaseball
- Runs that score as a result of the batter's plate appearance. Baseball stats glossary →
- Reaching inBasketball
- A defender reaches toward the ball handler and hits an arm or body instead of the ball. Basketball fouls and violations →
- ReboundBasketball
- Gaining control of the ball after a missed shot. Basketball terms for new parents →
- ReboundHockey
- A puck that bounces off the goalie or post after a shot, often creating a second chance. Hockey terms for new parents →
- Recreational leagueFootball
- Usually run by a town, parks department or community group. Often focused on participation and learning, with teams made through registration or a draft. How to choose a youth football league →
- Recreational leagueVolleyball
- Community programs focused on learning, fun and participation. Most welcome beginners and have a lighter schedule. Choosing a volleyball team →
- Recreational or house leagueHockey
- Open to a wide range of players, usually with a lighter schedule. Teams are often formed by the league. How to choose a youth hockey program →
- Red cardSoccer
- A card shown by the referee to send a player off the field. The player cannot be replaced in standard rules. Soccer terms for new parents →
- Red zoneFootball
- An informal name for the area near the opponent's end zone, often the last 20 yards, where scoring chances are highest. Football terms for new parents →
- RefereeVolleyball
- The official who controls the match and makes calls on faults. At youth levels the referee may be a trained official or a volunteer. Be respectful, because it is a hard job. Volleyball game day for parents →
- Referee's positionWrestling
- A standard starting position for periods after the first. One wrestler is on hands and knees (bottom) and the other kneels beside them with one arm around the waist (top), and both start on the whistle. Weight classes and positions →
- Referee's positionWrestling
- The starting position for some periods, with one wrestler on hands and knees and the other on top. Wrestling terms for new parents →
- RelayTrack & field
- A team race in which runners pass a baton to the next teammate. Track and field terms for new parents →
- Relay takeoffSwimming
- The next swimmer's dive into the pool after the teammate has touched the wall. Swimming relays explained →
- ReleaseGymnastics
- A skill on bars in which the gymnast lets go and catches the bar again. Gymnastics terms for new parents →
- ReversalWrestling
- Going from the bottom to control on top. Two points. Wrestling terms for new parents →
- ReversalWrestling
- A wrestler on the bottom takes control and ends up on top. Following a wrestling match →
- RidingWrestling
- Staying in control on top of an opponent. Some rule sets award credit for it, and others do not. Wrestling terms for new parents →
- RotationGymnastics
- A turn on one event. Groups move from event to event in a set order during a meet. Gymnastics terms for new parents →
- RotationVolleyball
- The clockwise movement of players to new spots each time their team wins the serve back. Volleyball terms for new parents →
- Rotation faultVolleyball
- When a team serves out of order or does not rotate correctly. Standard rules treat it as a fault. Volleyball rotation explained →
- RoughGolf
- Longer grass along the sides of the fairway. Shots are harder from here. Golf terms for new parents →
- RoughingHockey
- Unnecessary rough contact after a whistle or away from the play. Hockey penalties explained →
- Round robinTennis
- A format where everyone in a group plays each other. Tiebreaks and match formats →
- Round robinWrestling
- Every wrestler in a small group wrestles each of the others, and placings come from results. This is common when a bracket is small. Wrestling tournament day guide →
- Round-offCheer
- A tumbling skill that is like a cartwheel, but with a turn and a two-foot landing. It is often the start of a tumbling pass. Cheer terms for new parents →
- RouteFootball
- The path a receiver runs to get open for a pass. Football terms for new parents →
- RoutineCheer
- The planned, choreographed performance a team presents, set to music and made up of several skill sections. Cheer terms for new parents →
- RoutineGymnastics
- The sequence of skills a gymnast performs on one apparatus, from start to finish. Gymnastics terms for new parents →
- RuckRugby
- Players from both teams bind over the ball on the ground after a tackle and compete for it on their feet. Rugby terms for new parents →
- RunSoftball
- A point, scored when a player touches all four bases in order. Softball terms for new parents →
- Run-upGymnastics
- The sprint before a vault, ending with the jump onto the springboard. Gymnastics terms for new parents →
- RunnerSwimming
- Carries paperwork, such as timing cards or results, between the pool deck and the scoring table. Swim meet volunteer jobs →
S
- SAC and SFBaseball
- Sacrifice bunt and sacrifice fly. Neither counts as an at-bat. Reading a scorebook in depth →
- SackFootball
- When the defense tackles the quarterback behind the line of scrimmage, usually as he or she is trying to pass. In flag football it is a flag pull. Football terms for new parents →
- SafeSoftball
- The umpire's call that a runner reached a base before being put out. Softball terms for new parents →
- SafetyFootball
- A play in which the offense's ball carrier is tackled in the offense's own end zone, giving the defense two points in standard rules. Football terms for new parents →
- SaluteGymnastics
- The gymnast raises the arms to acknowledge the judge before and after a routine. Gymnastics terms for new parents →
- SB / CS: stolen bases / caught stealingBaseball
- Successful and unsuccessful steal attempts. SB% is SB ÷ (SB + CS). Baseball stats glossary →
- School teamFootball
- Offered through a school, often starting at a certain grade. Eligibility and rules are set by the school and its governing group. How to choose a youth football league →
- School teamVolleyball
- Run by a school, tied to the school calendar and usually open to students of that school. Some have tryouts depending on the level. Choosing a volleyball team →
- ScorecardGolf
- The card where strokes for each hole are recorded and totaled. Golf terms for new parents →
- ScorerVolleyball
- The person who keeps the official score and lineup. Some leagues use parent volunteers. Volleyball game day for parents →
- Scorer or data entrySwimming
- Enters times and results into the meet system or checks results for errors. This job needs focus and some computer comfort. Swim meet volunteer jobs →
- ScoresheetCheer
- The document judges use to score a routine. It differs between organizations. Cheer terms for new parents →
- Scoring runnerCross country
- A runner whose place counts toward the team's total. Cross country terms for new parents →
- ScrambleGolf
- A team format where everyone hits and the team plays the best shot. Golf terms for new parents →
- ScreenBasketball
- A legal block set by a player to free a teammate from a defender. Also called a pick. Basketball terms for new parents →
- ScrimmageFootball
- Practice play in which the team plays against itself, often with limited or no tackling. Also the basis of the term line of scrimmage. Football terms for new parents →
- ScrumRugby
- A restart where the forwards of both teams bind together and push for the ball fed in between them. Rugby terms for new parents →
- Second base (4)Baseball
- Covers the right side of the infield and turns double plays. Rewards quickness and soft hands. Baseball positions explained →
- SeedTennis
- A player placed in a tournament draw by ranking so strong players do not meet early. Tennis terms for new parents →
- Seed timeSwimming
- The time a swimmer enters an event with. Meets use seed times to place swimmers in heats and lanes. Swimming terms for new parents →
- ServeVolleyball
- The hit that starts a rally, made from behind the end line. Volleyball terms for new parents →
- Service boxTennis
- One of the two areas on each side of the net where a serve must land. Tennis terms for new parents →
- SessionGymnastics
- A block of a meet in which one or more groups compete. A large meet may have several sessions. Gymnastics terms for new parents →
- SetSwimming
- A group of swims a coach assigns, such as a number of repeats of the same distance. Swimming terms for new parents →
- SetTennis
- A group of games. In standard rules, the first to win six games with a two-game lead wins it. Tennis terms for new parents →
- SetVolleyball
- A controlled touch, usually with the fingertips, that places the ball for a hitter. Volleyball terms for new parents →
- Set (game)Volleyball
- One portion of a match. The team that wins enough sets wins the match. The word also names a type of pass, described below. Volleyball terms for new parents →
- SetterVolleyball
- The player who usually takes the second touch and sets up the hitters. Volleyball terms for new parents →
- SevensRugby
- A faster version of rugby with seven players per side and much shorter matches. Rugby terms for new parents →
- SH / SF: sacrifice bunt / sacrifice flyBaseball
- An out that advances or scores a runner. Neither counts as an at-bat. Baseball stats glossary →
- ShaftLacrosse
- The long handle of the stick. Lacrosse terms for new parents →
- ShaftLacrosse
- The handle, usually metal or composite, which comes in different lengths for different positions. How to choose a lacrosse stick →
- ShiftHockey
- The short time a player spends on the ice before a change. Hockey terms for new parents →
- Shin guardsSoccer
- Protective pads worn under the socks to protect the lower legs. Soccer terms for new parents →
- ShootingBasketball
- A balanced stance and smooth motion. See how to shoot a basketball. First year of youth basketball →
- Short course meters (SCM)Swimming
- A pool 25 meters long. It is a bit longer than a yards pool, and it is common in many countries outside the United States. Short course vs long course →
- Short course yards (SCY)Swimming
- A pool 25 yards long. This is very common in United States club, school and summer-league swimming. Short course vs long course →
- Shortstop (6)Baseball
- Covers the most ground between second and third, usually with the strongest infield arm. Rewards range, quick decisions and arm strength. Baseball positions explained →
- ShotWrestling
- An attack on the opponent's legs, usually to score a takedown. Wrestling terms for new parents →
- Shot clockLacrosse
- A timer that limits how long a team can hold the ball without shooting. Used in some leagues and levels, not all. Lacrosse terms for new parents →
- Side-outVolleyball
- When the receiving team wins a rally and gains the serve. Volleyball terms for new parents →
- Sideline cheerCheer
- Cheering that supports another team at games with chants, signs and short performances. Cheer terms for new parents →
- Sin binRugby
- A temporary suspension (shown with a yellow card) for a serious or repeated offense. In adult union it is usually ten minutes, but this varies by competition and youth league. Rugby terms for new parents →
- Single eliminationWrestling
- A wrestler who loses is out of the bracket. This is simple but can mean a short day for some wrestlers, so many youth events add a way to keep wrestling. Wrestling tournament day guide →
- SinglesTennis
- One player against one player. Tennis terms for new parents →
- Slap hitSoftball
- A fastpitch technique where a batter moves toward the pitch and hits the ball on the ground, aiming to run quickly to first. Softball terms for new parents →
- Slap shotHockey
- A hard shot with a big wind-up, with the stick swung back and down. Hockey terms for new parents →
- SlashingHockey
- A penalty for swinging the stick at an opponent. Hockey terms for new parents →
- SlashingHockey
- Swinging the stick at an opponent or at their stick in a way that is not allowed. Hockey penalties explained →
- SLG: slugging percentageBaseball
- Total bases ÷ At-bats. Measures power: how many bases a batter gets per at-bat. Baseball stats glossary →
- SliceTennis
- A shot hit with backspin, which usually makes the ball stay lower after the bounce. Tennis terms for new parents →
- SlideLacrosse
- A defender leaves their player to help stop an attacker who has beaten a teammate. Lacrosse terms for new parents →
- Slow breathingBasketball
- Breathe in through the nose and out slowly through the mouth a few times before a free throw or at a timeout. Basketball nerves and confidence →
- SlowpitchSoftball
- The version of softball where the pitcher throws the ball in a high, slow arc. Softball terms for new parents →
- SnapFootball
- The start of a play, when the center passes the ball back to the quarterback. Football terms for new parents →
- SO or K: strikeoutsBaseball
- Three strikes. K% is strikeouts ÷ plate appearances. Baseball stats glossary →
- SpacingBasketball
- Spreading out on the court instead of crowding the ball. This is often the hardest skill for new players to learn. First year of youth basketball →
- Special teamsFootball
- The units that play on kickoffs, punts and kicks at the goal. Football terms for new parents →
- Speed dribbleBasketball
- A higher dribble out in front, used in open space such as a fast break. How to dribble a basketball →
- Spike or attackVolleyball
- A powerful or well-placed hit that sends the ball over the net. Volleyball terms for new parents →
- SpikesCross country
- Lightweight running shoes with points on the sole for traction, sometimes allowed in cross country. Ask your coach first. Cross country terms for new parents →
- SpikesTrack & field
- Lightweight racing shoes with pins in the sole for grip. Track and field terms for new parents →
- SplitCross country
- A runner's time at a certain point in the race, such as a distance marker. Cross country terms for new parents →
- SplitSwimming
- The time for part of a race, such as the first 50 of a 100. Swimming terms for new parents →
- SplitTrack & field
- A time recorded for part of a race, such as one lap. Track and field terms for new parents →
- SpotterCheer
- Someone watching a skill, ready to help if something goes wrong. Coaches also spot tumbling. Cheer terms for new parents →
- SpottingCheer
- Watching a skill closely and being ready to help an athlete, which is why trained spotters are part of safe tumbling and stunting. Cheer terms for new parents →
- SpottingGymnastics
- A coach physically assists or stands ready beside a gymnast to help with safety and technique while learning a skill. Gymnastics terms for new parents →
- SprawlWrestling
- A defensive move where a wrestler throws the legs back to stop a takedown attempt. Wrestling terms for new parents →
- SprintTrack & field
- A short, fast race. Track and field terms for new parents →
- Sprung floorCheer
- A floor built with some give to cushion landings, used by many programs for tumbling and stunting. Cheer terms for new parents →
- StallingWrestling
- Avoiding wrestling, for example by backing away or not engaging. It can lead to warnings and penalty points. Wrestling terms for new parents →
- StanceWrestling
- The ready position a wrestler stands in, usually with knees bent and weight balanced, so they can move in any direction. First wrestling practice →
- Start boxCross country
- The marked area where a team lines up at the start of a race. Cross country terms for new parents →
- Starter and refereeSwimming
- Officials who control the start of each race and oversee the meet and its rules. These roles normally require training. Swim meet volunteer jobs →
- Starting blocksTrack & field
- Adjustable foot supports that sprinters push against at the start. Track and field terms for new parents →
- Static stretchingSoccer
- Holding a stretch in one position for a while. Commonly done after play, when muscles are warm, and not as the only preparation before activity. Warm-up and injury prevention →
- StealBasketball
- Taking the ball away from an opponent. Basketball terms for new parents →
- StealSoftball
- When a runner tries to advance to the next base on a pitch, without a hit. In fastpitch the runner may not leave until the pitcher releases the ball. Rules vary, and slowpitch usually restricts it. Softball terms for new parents →
- Stick checkLacrosse
- Using your stick to hit an opponent's stick to knock the ball loose, where the rules allow it. Lacrosse terms for new parents →
- StreamlineSwimming
- A tight, narrow body position with arms stretched overhead, used off the start and each wall to glide quickly. Swimming terms for new parents →
- StrikeSoftball
- A pitch in the strike zone, or a swing and miss. A foul ball is usually a strike too. Three strikes is an out. Softball terms for new parents →
- StringingLacrosse
- The way the net is tied into the head. Many beginner sticks come pre-strung, and others can be restrung. How to choose a lacrosse stick →
- StrokeGolf
- One swing made with the intent to hit the ball. Strokes are what you count. Golf terms for new parents →
- Stroke and turn judgeSwimming
- An official who watches swimmers for rule violations, such as the wrong kick or a one-hand touch. These roles usually require training, so they are often filled by certified or experienced officials. Swim meet volunteer jobs →
- Stroke playGolf
- Total strokes over the round decide the winner. Lowest wins. Golf terms for new parents →
- StudsSoccer
- The raised parts on the sole that grip the ground. They can be round or bladed. Check that they are not worn down or damaged. Choosing kids soccer cleats →
- StuntCheer
- A skill in which a group lifts and holds an athlete in the air. Cheer terms for new parents →
- Stunt groupCheer
- The small team of athletes who perform a stunt together. Cheer terms for new parents →
- SubstitutionSoccer
- Replacing one player with another. Youth leagues often allow many substitutions so everyone plays. Soccer terms for new parents →
- SwitchingBasketball
- Two defenders trade opponents, usually after a screen, so nobody is left open. Man-to-man vs zone defense →
- Synthetic upperSoccer
- The top of the shoe is made from man-made material. It is common in youth cleats, lighter than leather in many cases, and easy to clean. Choosing kids soccer cleats →
T
- TackleFootball
- Bringing a ball carrier to the ground. Also the name of an offensive and a defensive line position. Football terms for new parents →
- TackleRugby
- Bringing the ball carrier to the ground. In standard rules it must be made at or below the shoulders, and many youth programs set the limit lower. Rugby terms for new parents →
- TagSoftball
- When a fielder touches a runner with the ball to record an out. Softball terms for new parents →
- Tag rugbyRugby
- A non-contact version where players remove a tag or flag from the ball carrier instead of tackling. Rugby terms for new parents →
- Tag upSoftball
- When a runner returns to touch their base after a fly ball is caught, then advances. Softball terms for new parents →
- TakedownWrestling
- Taking the opponent from standing to the mat and gaining control. Two points in standard folkstyle. Wrestling terms for new parents →
- TakedownWrestling
- Taking an opponent from a standing position to the mat and gaining control. Following a wrestling match →
- Takeoff boardTrack & field
- The line or board a jumper must take off from in the long jump or triple jump. Track and field terms for new parents →
- TaperCross country
- Lighter training in the days (or sometimes weeks) before an important race so the body feels fresh. Cross country terms for new parents →
- TaperSwimming
- A planned reduction in training before an important meet so the swimmer feels fresh. Swimming terms for new parents →
- TB: total basesBaseball
- Singles + 2×Doubles + 3×Triples + 4×Home runs. Baseball stats glossary →
- Team managerVolleyball
- A parent or adult who handles logistics such as snacks, schedules and communication. Volleyball game day for parents →
- Team scoreCross country
- The total of the points of a team's scoring runners. The lowest score wins. Cross country terms for new parents →
- Team scoreCross country
- The total of the places of a team's scoring runners. The lowest total wins in common scoring. Reading cross country results →
- Technical fall (tech fall)Wrestling
- A match that ends early because one wrestler leads by a large enough margin, as set by the rules in use. Wrestling terms for new parents →
- Technical foulBasketball
- A foul for unsporting behavior rather than contact. It can be called on players, coaches or the bench. Basketball terms for new parents →
- Technical violationWrestling
- A rule breach about how the match is wrestled rather than about safety. Common examples are stalling, leaving the mat, and locking hands in certain situations. Wrestling penalties explained →
- TeeGolf
- Either the teeing area where a hole starts, or the small peg that holds the ball up for the first shot. Golf terms for new parents →
- Tempo runCross country
- A steady, comfortably hard run, faster than easy but still controlled. Cross country terms for new parents →
- The paintBasketball
- The painted area near the basket, also called the key or lane. Basketball terms for new parents →
- Third base (5)Baseball
- Fields hard-hit balls down the line and makes long throws across the diamond. Rewards quick reactions and a strong arm. Baseball positions explained →
- Three-point lineBasketball
- The arc on the court. Shots made from behind it are worth three points in standard rules. Basketball terms for new parents →
- Throat guardBaseball
- A protective piece that hangs from the mask and covers the throat. Many leagues require it for youth catchers. Catcher's gear fit and care →
- Throw-inSoccer
- A restart where a player throws the ball in with both hands over the head after it crosses the sideline. Soccer terms for new parents →
- TiebreakTennis
- A special game that decides a set when the players are tied at six games each, in many formats. Tennis terms for new parents →
- TiebreakTennis
- A special game, usually played at 6-6, used to decide a set. Tiebreaks and match formats →
- Timed finalsSwimming
- A format where swimmers swim an event once and the times decide the final ranking. Swimming terms for new parents →
- TimeoutBasketball
- A stoppage requested by a coach or player to rest or talk strategy. Basketball terms for new parents →
- TimeoutVolleyball
- A short break a coach may call to talk to the team. The number of timeouts depends on the league. Volleyball terms for new parents →
- TimerSwimming
- Stands at the end of a lane and starts and stops a stopwatch for the swimmer in that lane. At some meets, timers work with electronic backup systems. Timers are among the easiest jobs for new volunteers. Swim meet volunteer jobs →
- Tip or dinkVolleyball
- A soft hit over or around the block, often with the fingertips. Volleyball terms for new parents →
- Toe touchCheer
- A jump in which the legs split out to the sides and the arms reach toward the toes. Cheer terms for new parents →
- Too many players on the iceHockey
- Having more players on the ice than allowed, often after a messy line change. Hockey penalties explained →
- TopWrestling
- The wrestler in control above the opponent on the mat. Wrestling terms for new parents →
- Top position (offense)Wrestling
- The wrestler on top tries to keep control, turn the opponent and work toward a near fall or pin. This is also called riding. Weight classes and positions →
- TopspinTennis
- Forward spin on the ball that makes it dip down and bounce up. Tennis terms for new parents →
- TouchRugby
- The area outside the sidelines. When the ball goes into touch, play stops and restarts, usually with a lineout. Rugby terms for new parents →
- TouchbackFootball
- When the ball is downed in the end zone after a kick, so the receiving team starts from a set spot. The exact rule varies. Football terms for new parents →
- TouchdownFootball
- A score worth six points, made by getting the ball into the opponent's end zone. Football terms for new parents →
- TournamentWrestling
- An event with many wrestlers in brackets by weight and age or experience group. Wrestlers may have several matches in a day. Wrestling terms for new parents →
- TransitionCheer
- The movement connecting one skill or formation to the next. Cheer terms for new parents →
- TransitionLacrosse
- The quick change from defense to offense, or the reverse, after a turnover. Lacrosse terms for new parents →
- TravelBasketball
- Taking too many steps without dribbling. Also called traveling. Basketball terms for new parents →
- Travel or competitiveHockey
- Often involves tryouts, more practices and games in other towns. The time and travel commitment is higher. How to choose a youth hockey program →
- TrippingHockey
- Using a stick, leg or foot to cause an opponent to fall. Hockey penalties explained →
- TryRugby
- The main way to score. A player grounds the ball in the opponent's in-goal area. Worth five points in standard rules. Rugby terms for new parents →
- TryoutsCheer
- Sessions in which coaches see athletes' skills and decide on placement. Programs run them differently, and some place everyone. Cheer terms for new parents →
- TumblingCheer
- Gymnastics-style skills such as rolls, cartwheels, round-offs and back handsprings. Cheer terms for new parents →
- Tumbling passCheer
- A single run of tumbling skills linked together, often starting with a round-off. Cheer terms for new parents →
- Tumbling passGymnastics
- A series of acrobatic skills performed across the floor in a row. Gymnastics terms for new parents →
- TurnSwimming
- The move at the end of a length where a swimmer reaches the wall, flips or touches, and heads back. Each length ends in a turn, except the final one. Short course vs long course →
- TurnoverBasketball
- Losing the ball to the other team without taking a shot, such as by a steal, a bad pass or a violation. Basketball terms for new parents →
- TurnoverFootball
- When the offense loses the ball to the defense by a fumble or an interception. Losing the ball on a failed fourth down is sometimes called a turnover on downs. Football terms for new parents →
- TurnoverLacrosse
- When a team loses the ball to the other team. Lacrosse terms for new parents →
- TurnoverRugby
- When the team without the ball wins it, for example by stealing it at a ruck. Rugby terms for new parents →
U
- Underhand serveVolleyball
- The server holds the ball low, swings the hitting arm from below like a pendulum and strikes the ball with the heel of the hand or a closed fist. It is the usual first serve for beginners because it is simple and… Serving for beginners →
- UnderwaterSwimming
- The part of a race spent below the surface after a start or turn. The allowed distance depends on the stroke and rules. Swimming terms for new parents →
- Uneven barsGymnastics
- The women's event with two horizontal bars set at different heights. Gymnastics terms for new parents →
- Unforced errorTennis
- A miss that was not caused by a good shot from the opponent. Tennis terms for new parents →
- Unsportsmanlike conductWrestling
- Behavior that disrespects the opponent, the officials or the sport, such as taunting, arguing or swearing. Depending on the rule set and event, this can lead to penalties for a wrestler or coach, and spectators who… Wrestling penalties explained →
- USABatBaseball
- A standard introduced for 2018 and adopted by many youth organizations, including Little League. Approved bats must meet it and are listed by USA Baseball, so check the current list and your league's rules. Approved… Youth baseball bat standards and sizing →
- USSSA (1.15 BPF)Baseball
- A performance standard used by USSSA and some travel and tournament organizations. These bats carry a USSSA 1.15 BPF stamp. Many leagues that use USABat, including Little League, do not allow them. Some travel… Youth baseball bat standards and sizing →
V
- VolleyTennis
- A shot hit before the ball bounces, usually near the net. Tennis terms for new parents →
W
- W, L, SV, HLD: decisionsBaseball
- Win, loss, save and hold. The rules differ in youth leagues. Baseball stats glossary →
- WalkSoftball
- When the batter takes first base after four balls. Softball terms for new parents →
- Wall ballLacrosse
- Practice by throwing the ball against a wall and catching it, a classic way to build skill. Lacrosse terms for new parents →
- Warm-upCheer
- The stretching and light movement at the start of practice that prepares the body for skills. Cheer terms for new parents →
- Warm-upCross country
- Easy jogging and drills before a workout or race to get the body ready. Cross country terms for new parents →
- Warm-upTennis
- The easy hitting players do before a match starts to loosen up. Tennis terms for new parents →
- Warm-upTrack & field
- Easy movement and stretching before competing to prepare the body. Track and field terms for new parents →
- Warm-up and cool-downSwimming
- Easy swimming before and after hard work. Meets usually have a warm-up period before racing. Swimming terms for new parents →
- WebBaseball
- The material stretched between the thumb and the first finger. Different web styles suit different positions. Choosing a baseball glove →
- WedgeGolf
- A high-lofted club for short, soft shots and sand. Golf terms for new parents →
- Weigh-inWrestling
- The official weighing of wrestlers before competition to confirm their class. Wrestling terms for new parents →
- Weight classWrestling
- The bracket a wrestler competes in, based on weight, so opponents are of similar size. Wrestling terms for new parents →
- WHIP: walks plus hits per inning pitchedBaseball
- (Walks + Hits) ÷ Innings pitched. How many baserunners a pitcher allows per inning. Baseball stats glossary →
- WindmillSoftball
- The circular underhand arm motion fastpitch pitchers commonly use. Softball terms for new parents →
- WP / BK: wild pitch / balkBaseball
- Pitching events that let runners advance. Baseball stats glossary →
- Wrist adjustmentBaseball
- A strap or closure at the back that lets you tighten the glove so it stays on the hand. Choosing a baseball glove →
- Wrist shotHockey
- A common shot where the puck is swept off the stick using the wrists, often more accurate than a slap shot. Hockey terms for new parents →
Y
- Yellow cardSoccer
- A caution shown by the referee for misconduct. A second yellow card in the same game leads to a red card. Soccer terms for new parents →
Z
- ZamboniHockey
- The machine that resurfaces the ice between periods or sessions. Zamboni is a brand name, but many people use it for any ice resurfacer. Hockey terms for new parents →
- Zone defenseBasketball
- A defense in which players guard areas of the court instead of specific opponents. Some youth leagues limit it. Basketball terms for new parents →
No terms match. Try another spelling, or pick all sports.
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- Player cards that build themselves
- Parent-controlled profiles
More sports are coming. Tell us which one you want next on the full sign-up form.